WRITING AND TALKING ABOUT ART

Writing About Art
1.     Describe what you see. This is the objective portion of the art critique. It involves a technical description-nothing more. It should include things like:
o   Artist's name
o   Title of work
o   Type of artwork
o   Subject of the painting (scene)
o   Objects in the painting
o   First impression––note the characteristics of the artwork that first jump out at you
o   Colors used
o   Shapes, lines and texture
o   Light saturation
o   Sensory qualities––identify the predominant mood and visual effect.
2. Analyze the artwork. Evolve the art criticism from a technical description to an in-depth examination of how the technical elements were utilized by the artist to create the overall impression conveyed by the artwork. Technical elements you need to analyze when you critique artwork include:
  • Color.
  • Shapes, forms and lines.
  • Texture.
  • Light and shadow.
  • How each technical element contributes to the mood, meaning and aesthetic sensation of the artwork.
3. Interpret the artwork. This part of an art critique is more subjective than the others, as you are expected to use your analysis of the technical aspects of the piece of art to apply your own supposition to the artist's intended purpose for the artwork. Try to accomplish the following things when formulating your interpretation:
  • Communicate the artist's statement. Describe what you think the artist is trying to say through the work of art.
·        Expound on the feeling conveyed by the artwork. Describe what the artwork means to you, and why.
·       Explain what you feel is the artist's intended purpose for creating that particular work of art. Examine why the artist made the choices in technique, materials and subject matter and how they relate to the intended purpose.
·        Identify symbols in the artwork and describe how they relate to the artist's technical choices and contribute to the artist's execution of the intended purpose.
Evaluate the artwork. This is a summation of the art criticism process leading up to this point. Use your analysis and interpretation to draw conclusions and reach judgments about the artwork.
  • State what you think the artwork's value is. For example, its value may be to evoke nostalgia, to incite anger or to impart beauty. Explain why you feel this way.
  • Describe the artwork's relevance to the art community and to people as a whole.
  • Explain where you feel the artwork has strong value and where you think it falls short.
There are many words that can help you be descriptive when it comes to critiquing art. In fact, there are words to comment on every single aspect of art. The line, tone, movement, texture and shape are just a few ways in which art can be critiqued. However, the following list will go into more depth of the words that you can use to critique art.
Criticism Guide:
The following guide is designed to give you the skills to argue your point of view.  This first version gives my answers to one work as an example.  The answers are then arranged in essay form with at least one page per museum.   Leave the questions out and you have an example of a museum paper.


Reasons for Making Art

1.     Art Creates Beauty

  1. Enhances Our Environment
  2. Art Reveals Truth

4.     Art Immortalizes

  1. Art Expresses Religious Beliefs
  2. Expresses Fantasy
  3. Art Stimulates the Intellect and Fires the Emotions

8.     Art Creates Order and Harmony

9.     Art Expresses Chaos

10. Art Records and Commemorates Experience

11. Art Reflects the Social and Cultural Context

12. Art Protests Injustice and Raises Social Consciousness

13. Art Elevates the Commonplace

14. Art Meets the Needs of the Artist

  1. Art Communicates to the Masses
  2. .Art for Utilitarian Day to Day Purposes

Aesthetic Philosophies

  • Aristotle art is the imitation of nature
  • Plato art combines ideas of the real and the ideal
  • Kant: Beautiful does not involve personal interests or needs.
  • Hegel: art, religion, and philosophy are the bases of the highest spiritual development. Beauty in nature is everything that the human spirit finds pleasing to the exercise of spiritual and intellectual freedom.
  • Nietzsche: Art Confronts the Horrible- the Wrong. Art confronts the terrors of the universe and is therefore only for the strong. Art can transform any experience into beauty, and by so doing transforms its horrors in such a way that they may be contemplated with enjoyment.
  • Richards: claimed that art is a language. He asserted that two types of language exist: the symbolic, which conveys ideas and information; and the emotive, which expresses, evokes, and excites feelings and attitudes.
  • Avante Garde: is innovative and challenges commonly accepted forms of expression.



Description:

1.     What is the Title of the Art work, Artist Name, Media used, Date Created, and Museum name?
This paper will criticize The Lighthouse at Two Lights, an oil painting on canvas by Edward Hopper, created in 1929 and displayed by The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

2.     What does the picture look like; can you describe it in your own words?
The light house in The Lighthouse at Two Lights painting fills the canvas with sunlit buildings on top of a yellow grassy hill standing proudly as a symbol of strength.  The impressive smooth sturdy cream toned light house stands against a blue sky along with the Victorian style two story red roofed house and out buildings.

3.     What three elements of design are the most noticeable and why?
When viewing this painting one cannot help but notice how the sunlight models the light house  in a strong chiaroscuro manner waiting for the viewer to participate in that sunny afternoon.  The realistic space of this building is accented by the two point linear perspective and by the warm toned golden hill and buildings against the cool blue sky.

4.    What principles of design are the most noticeable and why?
The light house is further described to the viewer by the placement and proportion of the form forcing one to focus on it as it dominates the canvas.  The size of light house and the way this form seems to push out of the top of the painting pulling the viewer’s eyes upward simultaneously creating a triangular shaped composition with the other buildings and the strong linear shape of the light house. 

Analysis:

5.    For what reason was the art made; what was the possible aesthetic philosophy; is it representational, abstract or nonrepresentational; does it use known iconography; Are there any cultural differences to consider about the artist? In what era was the work created, and how does this affect the meaning of the artwork?
Americans as a whole are apparently big fans of the light houses, tirelessly guiding those stuck in bad weather, lighthouses suffer silently, maybe slightly creaking in the wind and braving any storm like true pillars of strength.  Hopper painted this particular light house at least four separate times so it apparently was significant to him, meeting some inner need for the artist.  This painting certainly communicates to us by the way that it was painted, but most importantly it can be viewed as reflecting social and cultural context of the time. 
The 1920s in America are said to be a time of sustained economic prosperity and social, artistic, and cultural vigor.  During this era America continued its dynamic growth, scattering its citizens from coast to coast.  Economically the country grew through the use of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures, and electricity, as well as unprecedented industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle and culture.
The Lighthouse at Two Lights can be seen through its strength and dominance as a symbol for 1920’s America. This painting communicates this strength to us a surely as the written language.  The representational iconic symbol of the lighthouse itself is a structure designed to emit light and used as an aid to navigation for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways.  It can be seen by many as a symbol for light as a path to show the way in through difficult times such as that faced by Americans in 1929 when Wall Street crashed.  When President Calvin Coolidge delivered his 1928 State of the Union address, he noted that America had never "met with a more pleasing prospect than that which appears at the present time." And then came Black Monday.  As soon as the opening bell rang on Oct. 28, prices began to drop. The opening bell was never heard on Black Tuesday because the shouts of "Sell! Sell! Sell!" drowned it out.  In total, $25 billion, some $319 billion in today's dollars, was lost in the 1929 crash.  One does not have to have lived through the 1920’s to see how this symbol of hope and strength can speak to the viewer, but it helps to put things in perspective of why Hooper may have created this painting.

Interpretation and Critical Argument:

6.     What do you think the artwork is about?
To many, this vigorous building stands as a symbol of the solitary individual, stoically facing the onslaught of change in an industrial society.  When refection upon the year of its creation one may wonder if this symbolic building in The Lighthouse at Two Lights can be seen as a larger symbol to us all.   It served both as a reminder to remain strong no matter what storms of life that we face as individuals, and a symbol for America to stand tall and free no matter the economic or social storm.

7.     Is this a good work of art; Do you like it or dislike it; or is this a bad work of art; do you like it or dislike it? Why?
The Lighthouse at Two Lights is one of Hopper’s most liked paintings. It is not this viewer’s favorite light house painting by Hopper, but it is the most dramatic and visually symbolic of his light houses.  Whether or not one  is a fan of the isolated structure seen in this painting, one cannot ignore it.  It is an excellent example of twentieth century art respected and admired by many.  Hopper was a prominent American realist artist, most popularly known for his oil paintings. His urban and rural scenes, his spare and finely calculated renderings reflected his personal vision of modern American life.  This painting will remain as a representation of American painting and American life and culture of this era.



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